| |
用例 |
用例２（否定系にしてあります） |
気をつけること |
できたか？ |
| 現在形 |
I am a man.
You are a girl.
This is a pen.
His name is John.
I go to school.
|
There are no apples.
I do not break a window.
I do not cook dinner.
I do not have breakfast
We are not brothers. |
he, she, it, the dog, the boy, my father, my motherなどは３人称。
go--->goes
do--->doesになり、動詞はすべてsがつく。 |
|
| 過去形 |
I went to school.
I woke up at 7 o'clock.
I had dinner.
I broke my computer. |
I didn't like her.
I didn't read e-mails this morning.
He doesn't go to school.
I thought the book was good. |
不規則動詞をすべて覚える。
三人称にsがつかない。 |
|
| 過去分詞を使った受身系 |
The book is written by Tom Johns.
The window was broken by William.
The computer is used by Catherine.
I was hit by you. |
The window was not broken.
The ball is not thrown.
The papers were not cut.
I was not taught English. |
|
|
| 進行形 |
I am going to school.
I am learning English.
I am teachng you English.
You are reading a book. |
He is not eating cheese.
She is not having dinner.
We are not singing.
They are not using computers. |
|
|
| 前置詞(onとかinｔとか） |
The apple is on the table.
The ball is in the box.
He is at the station.
She is between a house and a car. |
We are not at home.
They are not beside the station.
There are no apples on the table.
The cat is not under the chair. |
in, on, under, between, near, beside, above, belowを覚える。 |
|
| 質問のしかた |
What is your name?
What are you doing?
Are you John?
Is he John?
Is he working?
Do you like cheese?
Do you go to school?
Do you like going to school?
Do you have a pen?
Where are you?
Why do you say that?
How do you use it?
Which do you like? |
Are you not John?
Do you not have a pen?
Is he not here?
Do you not go to school?
What do you not like?
Where do you not go?
How do we not do it?
Why do you not do it?
Which one do you not like?
Who do you not give your chocolate? |
What, where, who, why, how
You are--->are you?
You have--->do you have?
|
|
| 理由の言い方 |
I like chocolates, because they are sweet.
|
I don't like going to school, because it's boring.
I like chocolates, not because it's sweet. |
Becauseを覚える |
|
| 形容詞 |
She is pretty
She is beautiful
The car is cool.
He is handsome
This milk is tasty
I am mad
I am clever
You are good |
He is not stupid.
This apple is not fresh.
This computer is not broken.
This house is not old
This dog is not young.
This door is not big.
Your child is not small.
Your brother is not kind. |
|
|
| 助動詞 |
I run to school fast.
I earn money hard
I finish my job quickly.
She dances beautifully.
He sings quietly. |
You don't speak loudly.
You tidy your room neatly.
You don't walk slowly
You will not go immediately.
You don't talk politely. |
基本的には動詞＋ly.
fast, hardだけlyがつかない。 |
|
| 時間の言い方 |
7:00am seven o'clock
7:10am ten past seven/seven ten
7:15am quarter past seven/seven fifteen
7:20am twenty past seven/seven twentey
7:30am half past seven/half past seven/half seveb
7:40am forty past seven/twenty to eight
7:45am quarter to seven/fifteen to seven
7:55am five to seven
8:00am eight o'clock
12am twelve o'clock/midday
12pm twelve o7clock/midnight
7:00am seven o'clock in the morning.
2pm two o'clock in the afternoon.
7:00pm seven o'clock in the evening.
2am two o'clock in the morning
I go to school at 7 o'clock.
I have dinner at half past seven.
It is 3 o'clock now. |
|
7 o'clock, 8 o'clockなどは o'clockがつくが、 8:20などそのほかはつかあい。
朝、昼、晩はin the morning, in the afternoon, in the eveningであらわす
午前二時はin the morning である。 |
|
| 接続詞（必要ないかもしれませんが、知っているのと知らないのとでは全然違います） |
I have a computer that broke yesterday.
You go to school that is new.
He has glasses that he bought in a shop.
I like tea that tastes good.
I love jobs that I can relax a lot. |
I don't like people who talk a lot.
I love houses that is not dirty.
I can't go to a restaurant where does not have a clean toilet.
I don't like books that has lots of difficult words. |
I have a watch that:
I bought yesterday
broke yesterday
was broken by my brother yesterday
I have a watch that:
I、you, he, she, we, theyと続くときだけ、thatを省略してよい
例：I have a watch I bought yesterday |
|
| 新聞サイト、www.thesun.co.ukの短めの記事ならなんとか辞書を使って読める。 |
例１「イギリス人女性による熊病院」
例２「世界一早い£６０の車」
例３「世界の午後２時（写真ニュース）」
例４「首相が褒めたサンの科学本」
例５「イギリスの１０代の若者の行いはヨーロッパ一悪い？」
例６「恐怖！毒クモが私を襲った！」
例７「イギリスに巣くうマフィアの実態」 |
フライデー並の噂話の大衆紙なので、あまりこれを読んでいると自慢しないこと。
毎日一つ記事を読めば２週間で慣れる。 |
|
| 今日何をしたか言える |
小学生編
I woke up at 7 o'clock.
Then I had breakfast and got changed.
After that, I went to school at 8 o'clock.
In the first lesson, I studied Japanese.
In the second lesson, I studied maths.
In the third lesson, I studied music.
In the forth lesson, I studied history.
I had lunch at 12:30. Then I played football.
The fifth lesson was PE.
The sixth lesson was also PE.
School finished at 3:40. Then I went home. I got changed.
I played with my friend until 6 o'clock with the playstation.
I did my homework from 6 o'clock until 7 o'clock.
I had dinner at 7 o'clock.
After having dinner, I watched TV until 9 o'clock.
I got changed to pyjamas and I brushed my teeth.
I went to bed at 10 o'clock. |
社会人編
I woke up at 7 o'clock.
Then I got changed and had breakfast.
I left my house at 8 o'clock to go to work.
I went to my office by train.
My work starts at 9 o'clock and finishes at 5 o'clock.
I left my office at 5 and I went home.
After coming back to my house (/After coming back home),
I cooked dinner and I had dinner at 7 o'clock.
I watched TV with my family until 9 o'clock.
After watching TV, I read books.
I brushed my teeth and got changed. I went to bed at
11 o'clock. |
これを必ず授業の最初にすること |
|
| レストランで注文できる |
Excuse me, can I have ---, --- and ---?
For my friend, can I have ---, --- and ---?
For drink, I have ---.
Will you give me---?
That's it. Thank you. |
|
ここで覚えることはどうやって人にものを頼むか。特に
Can I/may I---?
Can you/will you/could you/would you --------? |
|
| |
例 |
気をつけること |
できたか？ |
| L, R, Th, S, Shの発音の違い。
母音のイントロ。 |
|
|
|
| もし（conditional) |
If I were a bird, I would
fly to your room every evening （空想
If I were you, I wouldn't
do that （空想
If you hit me, I will hit you back (現実 |
|
|
| 現在完了と過去形の違い |
I have lived in Japan for 5 years. 時間を指定していない
I lived in Japan 5 years ago. 時間を指定している
I have done my homework already 時間を指定していない
I did my homework last night. 時間を指定している
Have you sent me the letter? 時間を指定していない
Did you send me the letter last week? 時間を指定している
I have not done it yet. 時間を指定していない
I did it last night. 時間を指定している
----------------------
もっと比べてみよう。
「宿題はやりましたかー？」「はい先生！やりましたー！」
Have you done your homework?
Yes Miss! I have done it!
「宿題は昨日の夜やったかなー？」「はい先生！昨日の夜やりましたー！」
Did you do your homework last night?
Yes Miss! I have done it! |
現在完了＝時間を指定していない系
過去形＝時間を指定している系と覚えること。
for 5 yearsは時間の指定ではなく、いうならば期間の指定。完了系を使うこと。 |
|
| 現在完了形、現在完了進行形を使えるようになる |
現在完了
I have lived in Japan for 5 years.
とりあえずここまでは住んだな。感覚的に、一回そこで時間を切っている。ここで続くのは、
I will keep living in Japan in future これからも住み続けるだろう
maybe this is enough. I go to Korea now もう十分だろう。次は韓国だ。
-----------------------
現在完了進行形
I have been living in Japan for 5 years.
ニュアンスは、これからも住み続ける |
左に詳しく書いてある |
|
| 過去完了系、過去完了進行形をおぼろげながら理解する。 |
子供のときの話
When I was （過去形） a child, I hated going
to school. My teacher asked （過去形） me
if I had done （過去完了） my homework. So
I always told her that I had not done （過去完了）
my homework, but of course, I had not done （過去完了）
my homework.
昨日の話
Yesterday, my friend asked （過去形） me
how long I had been living （過去完了進行） in
Japan, so I told him that I had been living （過去完了進行）
in Japan for 10 years,
|
過去の話をしているときは常に過去系で話す。そのときはもちろん現在完了などは使わない。 |
|
| 比べる |
He is taller than her
He is as tall as her
He is twice as tall as her
He is three times taller than her
He is tall compared to her
My shoes are 5 times more expensive than my older shoes |
twice as tall, three times taller thanというのを使えるとよい。 |
|
| ーーーかどうか |
I don't know if you are OK or not.
I don't know whether you are OK or not.
どちらも、「君が大丈夫かどうかわからない」 |
|
|
| なになにしながらなになにする |
I go to school listening to music.
I cook watching TV
I watch TV and have dinner at the same time |
|
|
ーーーするために。
ーーーのために。 |
I go to the mountain to
collect mushrooms.
I buy an apple for my brother |
|
|
| Timesを読む |
例１「鯨狩りのせいでアイスランドの観光客が減っちゃった」
例２「娘を虚勢して１０年の刑を食らった男」
例３ 「イギリスの１０代の若者はヨーロッパで一番行いが悪い？」
例４「ランチ？豚パイよ？お母さんの７５％は子供に食べさせるものを嘘ついている」
例５「不倫？それはだめだよ。イギリス人として」
例６「飲みすぎの原因を探って禁酒に成功しよう」
例７「鳥インフルエンザの前線」
例８「赤ちゃんが私の体を盗んだの！」
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|
|
| Timesの今日の記事を知らない人に説明する。記事に対しての質問に答える。 |
|
これができれば二上先生は卒業！ |
|
(あまり無理しないように。無理矢理外国人を探しても、ろくなのと会えません。怪しい国際交流の会などに行ってもナンパ師しかいないので、気長に周りの生活の中で探しましょう。ペンフレンド【www.penpal.netで探す】とＳｋｙｐｅで話すとか・・・）
